modernisers

tives: Labour’s Modernisation in International Context Labour’s modernisation parallels similar transformations in centre-left parties across Europe and beyond during the 1990s. The German Social Democrats under Gerhard Schröder and the French Socialist Party also grappled

rm. The challenge was to modernise without losing core supporters or alienating the party’s ideological base. This balancing act set the stage for a strategic shift driven by a new generation of party members a