pH readings 1. Misinterpretation of titration curves due to abrupt pH changes near equivalence 2. points Overlooking the impact of dilution on buffer capacity 3. Failure to properly calibrate pH sensors before measurements 4. The
d its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A classic example is the acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) buffer system. How Buffers Work: The Acid-Base Equilibrium When an acid (H+) is added to a buffer, the conjugate base present in the solut
f Buffers In living organisms, maintaining a stable pH is critical for enzyme function, cellular metabolism, and overall homeostasis. Blood, for example, is buffered primarily by the bicarbonate system, which closely regulates pH around 7.4. When CO₂ levels rise or fall,
